The meaning of “arc”
January 29th, 2012It’s one of those words that we use as literary types, that I realized last night I wasn’t quite sure what it meant. I always imagined “the arc” as a little rainbow over stories, or some magic conduit to narration. Then lately I started to suspect that arc didn’t mean literally being like a rainbow that starts in one place, goes up, and then coming back to roughly the same place. When we talk about arc, we’re talking about change, so I tried to come up with some other shapes for it.
I learned via Wikipedia that this is terminology borrowed from television, that uses the Aristotlean idea of a tragic fall. So a character finds themselves in a compromised position without the usual structures they rely upon (loses a job, a relationship, a family member) and then finds their way without these structures. Why this is called something that has to do with the curve of a line I’m not sure, but it’s clearly catchy because I often use it without really knowing what it means.
I posted a while back about the hero’s journey, which is another shape of storytelling, where the hero takes off, encounters obstacles, meets a mentor, overcomes the obstacles, and changes in the path of the journey. This might be more a film metaphor as it comes from Joseph Campbell and his work on stories in different cultures and what they have in common.
So what about books and short stories? Those words on a page — black on white — do they have the same formulas that television and films use so well? They must in a way. There’s the fish-out-of-water formula of someone dropped in a place they don’t know and finding their way, which is another way for saying character arc. And more than all that there’s the beginning, middle, and end — as any story has. The plot is what happens. The arc is, from my understanding, how a character changes. Any corrections? Other thoughts? Let me know.